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Ordinary Life Resumes in Sierra Leone After Violent Protests: What Happened and Why?_我的网站

一 |     Dozens of businesses, government offices, vehicles, and at least three police stations went up in flames in Freetown, Makeni, Kamakwie, and other cities across Sierra Leone from August 10 through 12, with over 113 people arrested and police introducing an emergency nationwide curfew and deploying tear gas and live ammunition to disperse crowds.,The curfew was lifted on August 13, with banks, businesses, government offices, and most stores reopened and communal services beginning to clear the damage. However, ramped-up security measures, including federal troop deployments to assist police, have been left in place.,What Happened?,Sierra Leone is one of the poorest nations in the world, ranking 186 out of 198 in a recent GDP purchasing power parity ranking. An estimated 80 percent of the population lives in poverty, many of them in the country’s rural areas. Like other nations in Africa, the country has faced special difficulties amid the global economic calamity brought on by COVID, and exacerbated by Western restrictions on Russian exports of agricultural goods and fertilizers amid the security crisis in Ukraine, which has caused a major jump in food prices.,AfricaAnti-Russia Sanctions Left Africa Without Access to Grain and Fertilisers, African Union Chief Says3 June, 11:13 GMT,As a net importer of both energy and food, Sierra Leone is especially vulnerable to global economic conditions, and along with food and fertilizers, fuel and electricity costs have also soared. Food prices alone have jumped by over 40 percent over the past few months, with a bag of rice once costing 350 leones now going for over 500. The country’s Central Bank recently removed three zeros from the national currency in a bid to restore confidence. The country has also been overcome by weeks of strikes by government workers, including doctors and teachers, and by small traders protesting poor conditions.,Coup Plot?,However, President Julius Maada Bio has also accused protesters of having ulterior motives beyond the cost of living crisis.,“This was not a protest against the high cost of living occasioned by the ongoing global economic crisis. The chant of the insurrectionists was for a violent overthrow of the democratically-elected government,” Bio said in an address on August 12 after returning to the country from a holiday in London.,Local media pointed to the chants of “Bio must go” among protesters as they gathered in the capital, and the president accused some of the demonstrators of consisting of “APC Warriors,” a reference to the opposition All People’s Congress party, which governed the country from 2007 until 2018, when Bio’s Sierra Leone People’s Party won national elections.,No doubt mindful of the violent civil war which shook the country between 1991 and 2002, claiming as many as 70,000 lives and displacing over 2.5 million people, Bio vowed that “in the coming weeks and months, [the] government will undertake necessary security actions meant to guarantee the peace and security of all citizens.”,“The security forces will, and must, act with great restraint and within their professional codes of service. But be assured that my government will crack down hard on violent insurrectionists, their collaborators, their sponsors and their supporters. My government will relentlessly fight those who would rather use terror and gruesome violence to achieve political goals,” the president said.,As a government, we will continue our engagement with Civil Society as we strive to promote sustainable peace, national cohesion and socio-economic development in Sierra Leone. #newdirectionagenda— President Julius Maada Bio (@PresidentBio) August 18, 2022,Bio did not elaborate on who these “sponsors” and “supporters” were, or whether they included any foreign actors.,Geopolitical Context,Like other African nations, Sierra Leone recently rejected calls by Washington and Brussels to show solidarity with the West and Ukraine and impose sanctions on Russia. But even before the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, relations between Freetown and Washington were tense at times. Last year, US President Joe Biden snubbed Bio by refusing to invite the African leader to the US’ so-called “Democracy Summit.” No reasons were given. However, neighboring Liberia, which faced mass civil unrest of its own between 2019 and 2020, and whose officials have been sanctioned by the US over suspected corruption, did get an invite.,While Sierra Leone maintains economic and political ties with its former British colonial masters, and remains a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Freetown has sought to expand its partnerships with other geopolitical power centers, including Russia and China. President Bio attended the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi in 2019, where he discussed ways to strengthen economic cooperation between the distant nations. In February 2021, Freetown signed onto Moscow’s efforts to prevent the deployment of weapons in outer space. In May 2021, Bio spoke by phone to President Xi Jinping of China, where they discussed the friendly, “brotherly” relations between the two nations, as well Chinese assistance to Freetown in measures against COVID, and agricultural and economic development.,In this context, the reactions of major foreign powers to this month’s unrest have been telling. While the United States, Britain, and the European Union collectively expressed “grave concern” over the “disturbing reports of violence” and urged the parties to “stay calm, promote accountability and ensure respect for human rights,” China’s Embassy smoothed over the protests altogether, refraining from wagging its finger at Freetown and instead trumpeting the expanding cooperation between the two countries.,We are gravely concerned by reports of violence surrounding today’s demonstrations in Sierra Leone. We urge all parties to stay calm, promote accountability, and ensure respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.— Bureau of African Affairs (@AsstSecStateAF) August 10, 2022,Similarly, while UK High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Lisa Chesney lectured President Bio about how “violence has no place in a democracy and the necessary investigation into August 10 can sit alongside de-escalation,” the Russian Embassy in the Republic of Guinea, which concurrently serves as the Embassy in Sierra Leone, only presented a bare bones report on the situation in the country, Bio’s meetings with community and tribal leaders, and indicated that an internal “debriefing” was being created “regarding the causes, course and consequences of the riots on August 10.”。

二 |     近日，关于“未到退休年龄，社保已缴满15年，是不是可以不再交钱坐等退休了？”的相关话题，在网络平台引发热议。人力资源和社会保障部官方微信回应称，社会保险法第十六条规定，参加基本养老保险的个人，达到法定退休年龄时累计缴费满15年的，按月领取基本养老金。在职职工社保缴费满15年后，在未达到法定退休年龄之前，用人单位应当按照规定继续为职工参保缴费，达到待遇领取条件后办理退休手续，按月领取基本养老金。▲图源：卡乐图片 宁颖 摄　　湖南天地人律师事务所律师唐皇表示，社会保险是国家立法强制建立的社会保障制度，用人单位和在职员工都必须依法参加社会保险。社会保险法规定，用人单位应当自用工之日起30日内为其职工向社保经办机构申请办理社会保险登记。单位和职工未缴纳的，责令限期缴纳或补足并加收滞纳金，逾期仍不缴纳的，将由有关行政部门予以处罚。　　只要处于在职状态的职工都不能停缴社保。唐皇说，用人单位与职工缴纳的社会保险包含基本养老保险、医疗保险、生育保险、工伤保险和失业保险。对职工而言，一旦停缴社保，后续若遇到生病、生育、工伤或失业的情况，将得不到相应的保障；对用人单位来说，依法缴纳社保同样是一道重要保障。比如在工伤保险方面，依法缴纳工伤保险的用人单位在职工发生工伤事故后，可由工伤保险基金支付规定的医疗费用、工伤待遇等，从而降低用人单位的工伤支出风险。　　缴费年限满15年只是领取基本养老金的最低年限要求，并不是缴满15年就可以不用缴费了。基本养老金的计算与缴费基数、缴费年限直接相关，缴费基数越高、累计缴费年限越长，退休时领取的养老金越多，也就是常说的“长缴多得，多缴多得”。因此，依法依规缴纳社保才能更好地享受社会保险制度给予的保障。　　养老保险断缴，待遇清零？过期作废？▲图源：卡乐图片 宁颖 摄　　养老保险出现断缴，参保记录不会清零。

三 | 　　《社会保险法》规定：“达到法定退休年龄时累计缴费满十五年的，按月领取基本养老金。”　　“累计缴费满十五年”是指职工或居民按照规定缴纳养老保险费的累计年限(含视同缴费年限)。社保经办机构保留基本养老保险关系和缴费记录，不存在清零、过期作废的说法。　　所以，因更换工作，或更换居住城市等原因暂时缴费中断，并不会影响之前缴费的记录。

四 | 　　不过，长时间断缴养老保险，导致缴费年限不够，领取养老金的时间要相应延后。　　达到法定退休年龄时，养老保险没缴够年限能一次性补缴吗？　　每个人能不能补缴，要分情况看。　　第一种：如果您参加的是城镇职工养老保险。到退休年龄时，累计缴费不够15年，可以延长缴费至满15年。　　这里有一个分界点：2011年7月1日实施《社会保险法》。

五 | 　　●在这个分界点之前已经参保缴费的：若延长缴费5年后还不够年限，可一次性缴费到满15年；　　●而在这个分界点之后才参保并缴费的：需继续缴费至满15年后再领取养老金。　　第二种：如果您参加的是城乡居民养老保险。则要分为三种情况：　　●情况一：您在户籍所在地城乡居民养老保险制度实施时，已满60周岁，且未领取过国家规定的基本养老保障待遇，那么不用缴费，您就可以按月领取城乡居民养老保险了。　　●情况二：制度实施时，您距60周岁的规定领取年龄不足15年，应逐年缴费至60岁。

六 | 也允许补缴，但累计缴费不超过15年。　　●情况三：制度实施时，您距60周岁的规定领取年龄超过15年，应按年缴费，累计缴费不少于15年才能领养老金。　　员工能自愿弃缴社保吗？▲图源：人力资源和社会保障部微信公众号　　这种承诺书你见过吗？有的公司在签订劳动合同时，会要求员工签订这样一份自愿放弃社保的承诺书。遇见这种情况请果断拒绝！　　还有的员工为了少缴社保，多拿工资主动交上承诺书，放弃社保，要求公司将社保转成工资支付给自己，千万别算小账、计小利！　　注意！这种《承诺书》不具有法律效力！以上这些行为都是违法的！　　根据《中华人民共和国社会保险法》《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的相关规定：　　用人单位和劳动者应当依法参加社会保险，缴纳社会保险费。

七 | 　　为劳动者参加社会保险并依法缴纳社会保险费系用人单位的法定义务，该项义务不能由用人单位和劳动者通过约定变更或者放弃。　　能用支付现金方式取代缴社保吗？▲图源：卡乐图片 宁颖 摄　　有的用人单位以现金方式代替缴纳社保，还美其名曰为员工好。别信！坚决拒绝才是正解。　　还有一些员工想通过工资形式拿到社保费，然后再自行参保或者不参保，以为这样可以有更大收益，这种“小聪明”可不行！　　《社会保险费征缴暂行条例》第十二条规定：　　缴费单位和缴费个人应当以货币形式全额缴纳社会保险费。缴费个人应当缴纳的社会保险费，由所在单位从其本人工资中代扣代缴。

八 | 　　用人单位和个人不得私下就社会保险费进行约定，由用人单位支付现金，不缴纳社保或者由员工个人自行办理社保缴纳的做法，不可取。　　试用期可以不缴社保？　　不可以不缴！　　《社会保险法》第五十八条规定：　　用人单位应当自用工之日起三十日内为其职工向社会保险经办机构申请办理社会保险登记。未办理社会保险登记的，由社会保险经办机构核定其应当缴纳的社会保险费。

九 | 　　用人单位和劳动者都必须依法参加社会保险、缴纳社会保险费，这是具有法律强制规定的。

十 | 　　即使是在试用期，用人单位与劳动者协商一致，也不能不缴社保。　　不签合同就不用缴社保？　　有的公司以没签劳动合同为由，不给员工缴纳社保，这种说辞是不对的！　　用人单位应当自用工之日起一个月内与劳动者订立劳动合同，依法缴纳社保费。

十一 | 　　没有签订劳动合同不代表没有劳动关系！　　遇到没签劳动合同别担心，员工可以依法申请仲裁、提起诉讼，要求确认自己与用人单位之间的劳动关系。

十二 | 　　《关于确立劳动关系有关事项的通知》第二条规定：　　用人单位未与劳动者签订劳动合同，认定双方存在劳动关系时可参照下列凭证：　　1、工资支付凭证或记录（职工工资发放花名册）、缴纳各项社会保险费的记录；　　2、用人单位向劳动者发放的“工作证”“服务证”等能够证明身份的证件；　　3、劳动者填写的用人单位招工招聘“登记表”“报名表”等招用记录；　　4、考勤记录；　　5、其他劳动者的证言等。

十三 | 　　其中，（1）（3）（4）项的有关凭证由用人单位负举证责任。　　有劳动关系，用人单位就应该为员工缴纳社会保险。以上这些你都记住了吗？大家一定要擦亮眼睛依法参加社会保险哦！　　（中国小康网微信公众号综合经济日报、江苏新闻、人力资源和社会保障部微信公众号）　　编辑：周经韬　　审核：田苑淯颖。

十四 |

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